Abstract. In order to reveal phylogenetic relationship of mangosteen and several close relatives (Garcinia spp.), we employed seven ISSR dinucleotide primer systems on eleven close relatives of mangosteen and 28 mangosteen accessions from four islands in Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan and Lombok). ISSR analysis successfully amplified 43 bands on average 6.1 fragments for each primer system, and these all fragments were polymorphic. Seven close relatives of mangosteen were separated with mangosteen accessions at 0.22 level of dissimilarity, while other four including G. malaccensis, were clustered with mangosteen accessions, this results supported proposal that G. malaccensis was allopolyploid derivative of mangosteen. Clustering pattern among mangosteen accessions, however, not represented their origin, indicated that distribution of the accessions was not linked to their genetic properties.

Key words: Garcinia spp., ISSR analysis, genetic diversity.

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Abstract. Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was grown with polyethylene mulched on Inceptisol soil with low pH (5.5), low organic-C (1.54%), very low total N (0.12%), low K content (0.29 me (100 g)-1), but very high soil P2O5 concentration (19.2 ppm) to evaluate the best crop management practices with starter solution. Seven starter solution combinations (1 = No Starter Solution + No CM + No SI, 2 = CM + SSVC, 3 = CM + SSG, 4 = SI + SSVC, 5 = SI + SSG, 6 = SI + CM+ SSVC, and 7 = SI + CM + SSG) were arranged in a randomized completely block design with four replications. Whereas CM = cow manure, SSVC = organic starter solution, SSG = inorganic starter solution, and SI=standard inorganic fertilizer. The results showed that inorganic, as well as organic, starter solution increased chili pepper growth and yield in less fertile soil. The highest marketable yield was obtained with application of standard inorganic (SI) + cow manure (CM) + inorganic starter solution (SSG). Inorganic starter solution application resulted in a better plant growth than organic starter solution, being evident at 1 week until 7 weeks after transplanting. However, inorganic starter solution did not signifi cantly increase total marketable yields. Application of cow manure, standard inorganic fertilizer, or addition of organic starter solution reduced total unmarketable yield, improved fruit qualities and increased marketable yield.

Keywords: cow manure, crop management, fertilization, liquid fertilizer, vermi-composting

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Abstrak. Umbi bawang merah pada umumnya disimpan selama beberapa bulan sebelum ditanam.  Umur eksplan merupakan  salah satu faktor penting yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan tunas in vitro. Suhu ruang kultur dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan  tunas mikro membentuk umbi mikro. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua percobaan yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi 1) pengaruh  umur simpan umbi terhadap pertumbuhan tunas mikro secara in vitro dan 2) pengaruh suhu ruang kultur terhadap induksi  umbi mikro bawang merah.  Pada percobaan pertama, umbi bawang merah untuk keperluan penelitian ini telah disimpan  selama 1, 2, 3 dan 4 bulan sebelum digunakan sebagai eksplan. Umur eksplan nyata memengaruhi pertumbuhan kultur. Umbi yang disimpan selama dua bulan menghasilkan jumlah daun dan akar terbanyak serta tunas vitrous terendah. Tunas mikro berumur tiga minggu dapat digunakan sebagai propagul untuk diinduksi menjadi umbi lapis mikro. Pada percobaan kedua, tunas mikro yang berasal dari media perbanyakan ditanam ke media pengumbian dan diletakkan  di  dua  growth chamber,  masing-masing  dengan  suhu  (siang/malam)  20/17 oC dan 30/27 oC.  Induksi umbi lapis mikro bawang merah dipengaruhi oleh suhu ruang kultur. Suhu rendah meningkatkan jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, jumlah akar dan panjang akar. Suhu 30/27 oC menghasilkan jumlah umbi lapis mikro bawang merah terbanyak, diameter umbi tertinggi, dan rasio diameter terlebar:pangkal umbi yang lebih tinggi dibanding pada suhu 20/17 oC.

Kata kunci: Allium, multiplikasi tunas, suhu, umur eksplan, 2ip

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